Peru

Last updated: September 2025

The country is one of the priority countries with which the International Climate Initiative (IKI) maintains a particularly close cooperation.

Peru's complex geography comprises large parts of the Andes and the Amazon rainforest, as well as more than 3000 kilometres of the Pacific coast. Around 56 percent of the country is covered by forest areas. In addition, Peru is one of the ten most biodiverse countries in the world. Just over a quarter of the population identifies as indigenous, and more than 48 different languages are spoken in Peru.

The economic growth of Peru is mainly based on the utilisation and export of its natural and mineral resources. Development is endangering the conservation of biodiversity and facilitates the increase of emissions that are harmful to the climate, especially due to changes in land use.

Increasing temperatures, periods of drought, but also heavy rainfall and flooding endanger food security, water supply and the health of the population. Extreme weather events such as El Niño are becoming more frequent and more severe, and are disproportionally affecting the rural and poorer parts of the population.

In view of these challenges, the country has taken steps towards charting a course for inclusive and sustainable development.

Within the framework of its second NDC submission in December 2020, Peru has expressed its commitment to continue to increase its target to reduce emissions from 20 to 30 percent by 2030 - and to increase this target to 40 percent against the established business-as-usual scenario if international support is provided.A further update of the NDCs, particularly with regard to improved quality and transparency, is planned for October 2025.

Adaptation measures concentrate on water, agriculture, fisheries, forests and health. Mitigation measures concentrate on energy, waste, industry and agriculture. The targets are to be implemented with the participation of all sectors, government levels and stakeholders, the private sector and civil society (especially the indigenous population and women). Peru also has a long-term strategy that specifies that the country should achieve CO₂ neutrality by 2050.

The National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plan (NBSAP) is in an updating process that is based on the new Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). Peru has already established a roadmap for the establishment of green financial instruments (Hoja de Ruta de Finanzas Verdes), a key framework for the implementation of the new NBSAP.

Peru has also updated its National Strategy for Nature Reserves. This defines the political and strategic planning guidelines, the conceptual framework for effective management and the long-term establishment and operation of nature reserves.
The priorities of the IKI projects cover all four funding areas.

In the case of mitigation, the focus is on the implementation of the NDC, sustainable mobility and infrastructure, as well as on the conservation of natural carbon sinks. The rapidly increasing demand for energy and mobility and the emissions associated with it pose a challenge.

The projects from the green areas of adaptation, natural carbon sinks and biodiversity concentrate particularly on conservation areas, sustainable forest and land use, and on strengthening the resilience of the population to climate change. One challenge here is the ongoing deforestation of the rainforest and the conservation of local biodiversity. The special consideration of indigenous communities is an overarching issue of the IKI in Peru across all areas.

In 2022, the German-Peruvian Climate Partnership was initiated - with the participation of all ministries responsible for the IKI as well as the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The aim of this partnership is to expand the cooperation between the two countries in the environmental and climate sectors.

Together with the Peruvian government, the IKI started a country call in 2021, from which two projects have emerged. The funding priorities are the implementation of the NDC and the implementation of the Rio Conventions.

Peru has been a member of the NDC Partnership (NDCP) since 2017. Since then, the Ministry of the Environment (Ministerio del Ambiente - MINAM) has filed several requests for support to the NDCP, some of which have been adopted by the IKI.

Furthermore, Peru is a partner country in the UNDP NDC Support Programme, which is funded by the IKI and which also supports the government in the implementation of the NDC.

Interface project

All priority countries of the IKI also engage in so-called IKI interface projects, which have permanent project offices in the capital city of the respective country. Alongside their own, country-specific project commission, these interface projects are also tasked with maintaining close contact to environment and climate ministries as well as networking with other relevant ministries in the field of climate and biodiversity policy. Beyond this, the interface projects also work to network all of the IKI projects in the country and region together so as to promote synergies.

In Peru, the interface function is currently represented by the project NDC Peru II: support to the implementation of the National Climate Change Strategy.

Project priorities

Supporting the NDC implementation, including the energy and forest sectors;
Function as an IKI interface: Promotion of dialogue on climate and biodiversity between the IKI projects in the country as well as between other actors (networking opportunities and knowledge management).

Project contact

ikiperu(at)giz.de

Insights into the project work

All projects in the country

In a nutshell

Region: South America

Population: 34.2 million (World Bank, 2024)

CO₂eq emissions (incl. LUCF): 202.6 million t (ClimateWatch, 2022)

CO₂eq emissions per capita (incl. LUCF): 6.1 t (ClimateWatch, 2022)

Total energy supply (IEA, 2023):

2 % Coal
33 % Gas
9 % Hydro
1 % Wind, PV etc.
13 % Biofuels / Waste
42 % Oil
54 % RE in electricity mix (4 % Wind, 2 % PV)

IKI projects in the country (last updated in August 2025):

bilateral: 2 ongoing, 26 completed
regional: 11 ongoing, 12 completed
global: 13 ongoing, 53 completed

ClimateWatch

NDC partnership: country page

IKI partner ministries:

Ministry of the Environment (MINAM)
Ministry of Energy (MINEM)
Ministry of Agriculture (MINAGRI)
Ministry of Finance (MEF)
Ministry of Transport (MTC)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (RREE)

The IKI strategy

The IKI wants to maximise its impact on climate action and biodiversity conservation. To this end, it concentrates its funding activities on prioritised fields of action within the four funding areas. Another key element is the close cooperation with selected partner countries, especially with the IKI’s priority countries.

Click here for the IKI strategy