Indonesia

Last updated: October 2026

The country is one of the priority countries with which the International Climate Initiative (IKI) maintains a particularly close cooperation.

Indonesia plays an important role in the achievement of the objectives of the Paris Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The country is one of the ten largest emitters of greenhouse gas in the world and, according to the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), emissions will continue to increase until 2030.

As an archipelago, Indonesia is also severely affected by the impacts of climate change. The rich and unique biodiversity of the country is endangered by non-sustainable practices. The Indonesian government has expressed its commitment to respond to these challenges and has developed a policy framework for the climate and biodiversity.

Indonesia submitted its current NDC, adjusted to reflect economic growth of eight per cent, in October 2025, with a slight increase in ambition for 2030 and 2035 compared with the previous NDC, and a peak in emissions by 2030.

The country also has a long-term strategy that would be compatible with a possible CO2 neutrality by 2060. The focal points of this long-term strategy are: Agriculture, forestry and other forms of land use (AFOLU), energy, decarbonisation of industry, waste management and adaptation to climate change. However, the ambitions here are not very concisely defined. A National Adaptation Plan (NAP) does not yet exist and is in preparation. The last update of the National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAP) took place in August 2024.

The elections in Indonesia in 2024 led to a significant reorganisation of the government, including the expansion of the cabinet and the splitting of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry into two separate ministries. This also has a mixed impact on climate and biodiversity conservation efforts. However, at the UN Climate Change Conference 2024 (COP29) in Baku, Azerbaijan, Indonesia reaffirmed its commitment to fulfil its obligations under the Paris Agreement, including restoring forest landscapes and financing reduced carbon emissions. However, economic constraints could limit progress on these environmental goals.
The projects of the IKI in Indonesia are divided between all four funding areas. With regard to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, priorities are primarily placed on the promotion of energy transition, just transition, subsequent utilisation concepts for coal-fired power plants and biogas.

In the other funding areas, priority is particularly placed on the protection and restoration of forests, marshlands and coral reefs.

The following two projects were chosen as part of the first IKI country call 2019/2020 with Indonesia:

Sustainable land use and biodiversity: SOLUSI - Land- and Seascape Solutions for Indonesia
Energy Transition: SETI - Sustainable Energy Transition in Indonesia
Partnership for a just energy transition
In November 2022, Indonesia and the International Partners Group, which includes Japan, Denmark, Germany, the European Union, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada and Norway, entered into a Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP).

This envisages more ambitious climate action targets, such as an earlier phase-out of fossil fuels and faster expansion of renewable energies. The goals are accompanied by financial commitments from the donor countries, in order to ensure that the energy transition is implemented in a socially balanced and sustainable manner. The IKI contributes to the partnership.

Interface project

All priority countries of the IKI also engage in so-called IKI interface projects, which have permanent project offices in the capital city of the respective country. Alongside their own, country-specific project commission, these interface projects are also tasked with maintaining close contact to environment and climate ministries as well as networking with other relevant ministries in the field of climate and biodiversity policy. Beyond this, the interface projects also work to network all of the IKI projects in the country and region together so as to promote synergies.

The interface function is currently represented by the project Accelerating Indonesia’s Climate and Biodiversity Actions and Transformation – ACT Indonesia.

Project priorities

Strengthening institutional coordination and technical capacity at national and sub-national levels, and supporting evidence-based planning and reporting through harmonised data systems and implementation guidelines
Promoting gender-responsive capacity-building and improving horizontal and vertical coordination in order to make measures at the intersection of climate and biodiversity more effective
Increasing the effectiveness of public policy measures, supporting the achievement of national targets and strengthening Indonesia’s contribution to global climate and biodiversity targets
Function as an IKI interface: promoting dialogue on climate and biodiversity between the IKI projects in the country as well as between other actors (networking offers and knowledge management)

Project contact

ikihubindonesia(at)giz.de

IKI Indonesia: website of all projects in the country

Accelerating Indonesia’s Climate and Biodiversity Actions and Transformation – ACT Indonesia

Insights into the project work

All projects in the country

In a nutshell

Region: Asia

Population: 283.7 million (World Bank, 2025)

CO₂eq emissions (incl. LULUCF): 1.572 billion t (6th rank of global top emitters) (ClimateWatch, 2023)

CO₂eq emissions per capita (incl. LULUCF): 5.6 t (ClimateWatch, 2023)

Total energy supply (IEA, 2023):

36 % Coal
16 % Gas
1 % Hydro
11 % Wind, Solar etc.
11 % Biofuels / Waste
26 % Oil
16 % RE in electricity mix (0.1 % Wind, 0.2 % PV)

IKI projects in the country (last updated in August 2025):

bilateral: 16 ongoing, 30 completed
regional: 10 ongoing, 20 completed
global: 21 ongoing, 52 completed

ClimateWatch

NDC partnership: country page

IKI partner ministries:

State Ministry for National Development Planning (BAPPENAS)
Ministry of Environment (KLH)
Ministry of Forestry (KK)
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR)
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries

The IKI Strategy

The IKI wants to maximise its impact on climate action and biodiversity conservation. To this end, it concentrates its funding activities on prioritised fields of action within the four funding areas. Another key element is the close cooperation with selected partner countries, especially with the IKI’s priority countries.

Click here for the IKI Strategy